ergy, raw materials, it minimisation of waste, and its ability to adapt to change. Papua New Guinea needs farming practices that can produce, using methods that above all ensure long-term fertility of the land, crops and animals of the highest quality in nutritional value. This module should provide student teachers with an insight and understanding of the ways subsistence farmers can best look after the land and optimise rather than maximise food production. By doing this they should encourage agricultural systems in their teaching that promote sustainable agricultural systems. This module is a good lead into the more practical modules, Modules 1.1 Soil and 1.2 Crops. Objectives By the end of this module, students will be able to: · identify the different agricultural practices found in Papua New Guinea particularly in their own area · identify and describe the different ways and strategies for improving subsistence agriculture · discuss the different factors that are affecting agriculture in Papua New Guinea · list and discuss appropriate measures for overcoming these factors · forecast where Papua New Guinea agricultural practices are leading to and be able to offer appropriate alternatives · practice examples of improved agricultural techniques. Topics 1. The Different Agricultural Practices of Papua New Guinea 2. Improving Subsistence farming and gardening 3. The life of a shifting agriculturalist 4. Sustainable agricultural development in Papua New Guinea Suggested teaching activities · Lecturer presentation · Field trips · Group work · Video/film